Computer Hardware Discussion

Discussion

Spring 2025

Key Components:

The processor, or CPU, is the part of the computer that does all the actual 'computing' and other program running. The CPU pulls commands and information from its cache, which in turn pulls form the memory, or RAM. The RAM (and cache) is where short term data is stored, specifically involving whichever programs are currently running, for quick access by the CPU. The RAM in turn pulls commands and information from the storage drive. This could be any number of storage systems, but traditionally is either a hard disk drive (HDD, or Hard Drive) or solid state drive (SSD). These storage drives are much larger but also slower than the cache or RAM. They are also non-volatile, meaning unlike the cache and RAM, they hold data stored in them even after the computer is powered off. This is where data is stored permanently (until manual deletion). The motherboard is a circuit board that connects these components to each other, and is essentially a platform for the other components to live on and communicate across. Cables also connect the various components.

The power supply unit (PSU) can be a battery or adapter to plug in to an external power source. The display is usually some type of screen, and is considered the main form of output for most traditional computers. A screen is also considered an input if it is a touch screen. The keyboard and mouse or other type of controller, are also main forms of computer input. Other forms of input and output include microphone and speakers, as well as other external buttons.


Component Function:

As discussed a little bit above, the power supply can be a dedicated PSU like in a desktop PC, which converts the electricity from an external source into a usable power supply for the computer. Alternatively, the power supply can be a removable or fixed battery, often being rechargeable, but sometimes just replaceable. Laptops and smart devices, for example, use fixed (typically) rechargeable batteries. If you look at your smartphone or laptop, you'll likely see no easy way of accessing the battery. The thermostat on your wall, however, may house some common replaceable batteries beneath the clipped-on facade. However, the thermostat will often mainly run off of an external power source, but use the internally housed batteries as a backup source of power, similarly to many digital alarm clocks.